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George Washington Cable (October 12, 1844 – January 31, 1925) was an American novelist notable for the realism of his portrayals of Creole life in his native New Orleans, Louisiana. He has been called "the most important southern artist working in the late 19th century, as well as the first modern southern writer."〔 In his treatment of racism, mixed-race families and miscegenation, his fiction has been thought to anticipate that of William Faulkner. He also wrote articles critical of contemporary society. Due to hostility against him after two 1885 essays encouraging racial equality and opposing Jim Crow, Cable moved with his family to Northampton, Massachusetts. He lived there for the next thirty years, then moved to Florida. ==Biography== Cable was born in 1844 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of George W. Cable, Sr., and Rebecca Boardman Cable. They were wealthy slaveholders who were members of the Presbyterian Church and New Orleans society, whose families had moved there after the Louisiana Purchase. First educated in private schools, the younger Cable had to get work after his father died young. The elder Cable had lost investments, and the family struggled financially. Cable later learned French on his own. He served in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, in which he took part in support of the Southern cause.〔 His experiences changed his ideas about Southern and Louisiana society, and he began writing during a two-year bout with malaria.〔(Bond Thompson, "GW Cable, Summary: ''Old Creole Days''" ), ''Documenting the American South'', University of North Carolina, accessed 8 August 2012〕 In 1870 Cable went into journalism, writing for the ''New Orleans Picayune''. He worked for them from 1865 to 1879, by which time he had become an established writer. In 1869, George Cable married Louisa Stewart Bartlett, with whom he had several children. He was invited to submit stories in ''Scribner's Monthly,'' where his story "Sieur George", published in 1873, was a critical and popular success. He published six more stories of Creole life with ''Scribner's'' in the following three years. The stories were collected and published in a book in 1879 as ''Old Creole Days.''〔 While romantic in plot, the stories revealed the multi-cultural and multi-racial nature of antebellum New Orleans society, with ties among French, Spanish, African, Native American and Caribbean Creoles. He also addressed conflicts that arose following the Louisiana Purchase, when traditional New Orleans Creoles of color had to confront Anglo-Americans — who ultimately asserted their concept of a biracial society, rather than acknowledging the multiracial class of free people of color.〔 In 1880 Cable published his first novel, ''The Grandissimes: A Story of Creole Life'', portraying multiracial members and different classes of society in the early 1800s shortly after the Louisiana Purchase. It had first been serialized in ''Scribner's.''〔Richardson TJ, ed. (1981). ''The Grandissimes: Centennial essays.'' University Press of Mississippi, ISBN 0-87805-149-X〕 The plot follows the adventures and romances of several members of the Grandissime family, a French Creole family with mixed-race members.〔 He used this historical romance as a way to explore society and its racial injustice, as he addressed European Creoles, the mixed-race class, ''plaçage'', slavery, and lynchings.〔 Also in 1880, the United States Census Bureau commissioned Cable to write a "historical sketch" of pre-Civil War New Orleans for a special section of the 10th United States Census' "Social statistics of cities." He submitted a well-researched 313-page history. It was greatly reduced for publication in 1884. His novella ''Madame Delphine'' (1881), expanded from a short story, featured the issue of miscegenation, in which a woman of partially African descent tries to arrange the marriage of her daughter, who has more European ancestry, to one of the French Creole elite.〔 In 1884 he published a work, ''Dr. Sevier'', on prison reform.〔 After these works, Cable seemed to split his efforts between romantic novels and non-fiction articles, in which he expressed his sympathy for racial equality and opposition to Jim Crow,〔 such as "The Freedman's Case in Equity" and "The Silent South," both published in 1885. His essays were resented by many white Southerners and generated much controversy.〔 After the end of the war, whites had worked to re-establish political and social supremacy over freedmen and over those who in the antebellum years were free people of color. The Ku Klux Klan and paramilitary groups practiced racial intimidation and other efforts to dissuade blacks from voting. After Reconstruction, when Democrats regained control of the state legislature, they worked to disenfranchise blacks, and imposed legal racial segregation and other restrictive measures. So much hostility was expressed against Cable in 1885 that he decided to leave the South.〔(Bond Thompson, Armistead Lemon, "Summary: George Washington Cable (1844-1925)/ ''The Grandissimes: A Story of Creole Life'' ), ''Documenting the American South'', University of North Carolina, accessed 8 August 2012〕 That year, he moved with his family to Northampton, Massachusetts, where he continued to write about the South in novels and critical essays. In 1888, he published ''Bonaventure'', described as an "Acadian pastoral." In total, he published 14 novels and collections of short fiction. His last novel was ''Lovers of Louisiana'' (1918).〔 Cable's wife Louise died in 1904; and in 1906 he married Eva Stenson. After the death of Eva, he married a third time, to Hanna Cowing in 1923. In 1925, Cable himself died, in St. Petersburg, Florida. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George Washington Cable」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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